Blow flies are belong to the Family Calliphoridae of flies under Order Diptera. To date, there are around 1,100 species of blowflies worldwide. Blow flies are often metallic in appearance, with feathery hairs on terminal antennal segments. Adult blow flies have sponge-like mouth parts, while the maggots have hook-like mouth parts.

Female blow flies classically lay their eggs on dead meat, where maggots hatch within 6 to 48 hours. These maggots undergo in three stages within three to nine days, after which they leave their food source and pupate in soil. Within 2 to 7 days, the puparium will be complete. Pupae stay inside it for another 10 to 17 days, at which point they emerge as adults.

Blow flies are attracted to fresh meat and are classically the first organisms to come into contact with dead animals. The meat of dead animals is necessary for larval survival and growth. They are also attracted to the plants that give off the smell of rotting meat and as such, are good pollinators.

Pharaoh ants are small in size, yellow ants. Their thorax is classically darker, helping to locate the ant. They are present in around every area in the world and are considered to be a major pest due to their ability to survive in indoor areas. Hospitals frequently require control for pharaoh ants, as they can quickly spread the disease and contaminate sterile equipment and rooms.

Unlike some other ant species, pharaoh ants have numerous queens and are able to move their colonies from place to place when disturbed. Workers can grow from eggs to adults in as small as 38 days and may live for nine to 10 weeks. Queen pharaoh ants can live for four to twelve months, but male pharaoh ants die within three to six weeks of mating. Pharaoh ants begin fresh colonies by budding out. This means that a small group – a minimum of five workers, ten pre-adults and a queen – migrate from their colony to start a new colony.

Pharaoh ants can build nests in walls, cabinet voids, behind baseboards, refrigerator insulations, the folds of clothes, the hollows of curtain rods, sheets and paper and other undisturbed dark spaces. A colony of Pharaoh ants will scatter if a toxic matter disturbs it. This creates many problems where there had been only one. In controlling pharaoh ants, it is often advisable to seek the professional help.

German cockroaches begin life as eggs within an egg casing called as an ootheca. An ootheca contains around 35 eggs and is brown in color. An ootheca is roughly seven millimeters long and two millimeters wide. They are very resilient and it can survive if detached from the female or if the female dies.

Females of this species carry for the ootheca until it is ready to hatch. Oothecae are generally seen protruding from the abdomens of German cockroach females. Nymphs emerge from the ootheca as minute insects. They gradually darken into black or dark brown cockroaches with parallel lines visible upon the pronotum. German cockroach nymphs are wingless and it incapable of reproduction. Nymphs molt six to seven times and it can develop completely within 60 days under optimal conditions.

The adult stage begins with the very last successful molting. At this point, German cockroaches are roughly 15 millimeters in length and are winged.

German cockroaches are the most common cockroach species are found in households. German cockroaches undergo in three distinct life phases: egg, nymph and adult. Their entire life cycle spans roughly 100 days, although this is dependent on factors such as temperature, diet and injuries.

German cockroaches breed constantly. In a lifetime, a female cockroach has the capable of producing up to one million eggs. Populations grow very quickly in optimal conditions. A classic thriving population is comprised of 75 per cent nymphs and 25 per cent adult roaches.

Unlike other cockroach species, the female cockroach carries the oothecae attached to her abdomen until they hatch. Nymphs break free from their egg cases through concerted effort and remain close jointly after hatching. They undergo six or seven nymphal stages, called as instars, before emerging as winged adults capable of reproduction.

Adult cockroaches are nocturnal insects that hide during the day and scavenge at night. Despite with their fully developed wings, German cockroaches very rarely fly.